The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.